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striga hermonthica
''Striga hermonthica'', commonly known as purple or giant witchweed,〔http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=STHE8〕 is a hemiparasitic plant〔 that belongs to the family Orobanchaceae. It is devastating to major crops such as sorghum (''Sorghum bicolor'') and rice (''Oryza sativa''). In sub-Saharan Africa it infests, apart from sorghum and rice, also maize (''Zea mays''), pearl millet (''Pennisetum glaucum'') and sugar cane (''Saccharum officinarum'').
''Striga hermonthica'' has undergone horizontal gene transfer from ''Sorghum'' to its nuclear genome. The ''S. hermonthica'' gene, ''ShContig9483'', is most like a ''Sorghum bicolor'' gene, and additionally shows significant but lesser similarity to a gene from ''Oryza sativa''. It shows no similarity to any known eudicot gene.〔
==Host and Symptoms==
Purple witchweed infects a variety of grasses, and legumes in sub-saharan Africa including rice, maize, millet, sugarcane, and cowpea. The symptoms mimic that of drought or nutrient deficiency symptoms. Chlorosis, wilt, and stunting result from witchweed’s ability to extract nutrients from its host. Pre-emergence symptoms are difficult to diagnose secondary to their similarity to general lack of nutrients. Once emergence of the plant has taken place, it is usually too late to mitigate damage.〔Johnson, Annie. New South Wales. Witchweed. 2005. http://www.wyong.nsw.gov.au/environment/Weeds_category_one_Witchweed.pdf〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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